Afferents that project into the spinal cord from skin and muscle are typically pseudounipolar. Pseudounipolar neurons (neuron 1 to the left) have one projection from the cell body, which splits into two axons: one that extends into the periphery and one that extends into the central nervous system. Most sensory afferent neurons are pseudounipolar (neuron 1 to the left) or bipolar (neuron 2 to the left). Usually, the cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons are coalesced in a ganglion outside the central nervous system. The dendrites of sensory afferent neurons are often specialized to receive inputs from a peripheral sensory receptor (as in the vestibular and auditory systems), or may be a component of the peripheral sensory receptor (as in the skin and muscle). The term "afferent" means "carrying into," and usually describes the transmission of information towards the brain and spinal cord. Sensory afferent neurons carry inputs from sensors in the periphery to the central nervous system. Inhibitory synaptic transmission makes it less likely that a neuron will generate an action potential. Inhibitory synapses are usually located on the shaft of the dendrites, the cell body, and the initial segment. Dendritic spines are typically sites of excitatory synapses, where synaptic transmission makes it more likely that the neuron will generate an action potential. The neuron pictured on the left has dendritic spines. Interneurons are integrators, and the main components of the neural circuits that process information in the nervous system. Thus, one interneuron can receive synaptic inputs on their dendrites and cell body from thousands of neurons, and in turn send outputs to many other interneurons, or perhaps to cells that provide outflow from the nervous system to peripheral targets like muscle or glands. Most interneurons are multipolar neurons, as they have many dendrites as well as an axon that branches to multiple targets. The processes of interneurons always remain within the central nervous system, although some projection (or relay) interneurons may have long axons that extend for considerable distances (i.e., from the brain to the spinal cord). Interneurons are the most common cells in the central nervous system. To start, let's discuss the general classes of neurons, and their anatomy: Most neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, which can branch near where it reaches its target. In general, neurons receive inputs from other nerve cells on the dendrites and cell body, and transmit outputs to other neurons or effectors like muscle cells through an axon. Olfactory receptor neuron - Neuron: Olfactory receptor neuron Labels in German.Not all neurons are the prototypical cells described in the KhanAcademy video. Motor neuron - Neuron: Motor neuron Micrograph of the hypoglossal nucleus showing motor neurons with their c … Wikipedia One common type is the pseudounipolar neuron … Medical dictionary Primary sensory neuron - a sensory neuron that is the first in an afferent pathway, beginning at the receptor and ending at a synapse with a secondary sensory neuron, often within a nucleus of the central nervous system. Most neurons are multipolar, generating several dendrites and an axon: unipolar neurons are exceptions to this rule.Unipolar… … Wikipedia Unipolar neuron - A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one protoplasmic process (neurite) extends from the cell body. Unlike neurons of the central… … Wikipedia Sensory neuron - Sensory neurons are neurons that are activated by sensory input (vision, touch, hearing, etc.), and send projections into the central nervous system that convey sensory information to the brain or spinal cord. Pseudounipolar - adjective Of a neuron, having one axon that is split into two branches … Wiktionary For other uses, see Neuron (disambiguation). Neuron - This article is about cells in the nervous system. A neuron may send electrical output signals to muscle neurons (called motor neurons or… … Medical dictionary Neurons send and receive electrical signals over long distances within the body. Neuron - A nerve cell, the basic impulse conducting unit of the nervous system. Pseudounipolar neuron - noun A neuron in the peripheral nervous system having a long dendrite and a small axon that connects to the spinal cord … Wiktionary The dendrite and axon are sometimes called distal… … Wikipedia This neuron contains a long dendrite and a short axon that connects to the spinal cord. Pseudounipolar neuron - A pseudounipolar neuron ( pseudo false, uni one) is a sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system.
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